Pythonic Wonders: Chapter 2 - Control Flow and Loops

Intro

Control flow statements are used to control the flow of a program, while loops are used to repeat a section of code multiple times.

Conditional Statements

Conditional statements are used to execute different parts of code based on whether a certain condition is true or false. In Python, conditional statements are created using the if, elif, and else keywords.

Here’s an example of a simple conditional statement:

x = 5

if x > 0:
    print("x is positive")
elif x == 0:
    print("x is zero")
else:
    print("x is negative")

In this example, the program checks whether x is greater than zero, equal to zero, or less than zero, and prints a corresponding message.

Loops

Loops are used to repeat a section of code multiple times. In Python, there are two types of loops: for loops and while loops.

For Loops

For loops are used to iterate over a sequence of values. Here’s an example of a simple for loop:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

In this example, the program iterates over a list of fruits and prints each one.

While Loops

While loops are used to repeat a section of code while a certain condition is true. Here’s an example of a simple while loop:

x = 0

while x < 10:
    print(x)
    x += 1

In this example, the program prints the value of x and increments it by 1 until x is greater than or equal to 10.

Control Flow Keywords

Python has several keywords that can be used to control the flow of a program, including break, continue, and pass.

• The break keyword is used to exit a loop prematurely.

• The continue keyword is used to skip over